INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo noPhuhliso (i-UNCTAD) icele ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela kunye nothutho ukuba kwakhiwe ukuqina kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngotyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso kunye nokuzinza ukulungiselela iingxaki ezizayo. I-UNCTAD ikwabongoza amazibuko, iinqanawa kunye nonxibelelwano lwamazwe angaphandle ukuba lutshintshele kumandla asebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi.

Ngokutsho kwempapasho ephambili ye-UNCTAD, 'Maritime Transport in Review 2022', ingxaki yokuhanjiswa kwempahla kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ibonise ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezelwa kwempahla kunye nemfuno yomthamo wezothutho lwaselwandle okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso empahla, ukuxinana kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwiinkonzo zexabiso zehlabathi.

Njengoko idatha ibonisa ukuba iinqanawa zithwala ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeempahla zorhwebo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye isabelo esiphezulu ngakumbi kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwakha ukuqina kwiingxaki eziphazamisa uthungelwano lokubonelela, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli, kunye nokuchaphazela ubomi babantu abahlwempuzekileyo. epapashwe kwingxelo yale ncwadi.

Ukungabikho kweenkonzo ezifunekayo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yeempahla zabathengi kunye norhwebo lwe-e-commerce kuqhuba amazinga okuthutha iimpahla kwiikhonteyina ukuya kutsho kahlanu kumanqanaba awo angaphambi kobhubhane ngo-2021 kwaye afikelela kwincopho ebalaseleyo ekuqaleni kuka-2022, nto leyo enyusa amaxabiso abathengi kakhulu. Amaxabiso ehlile ukusukela phakathi ko-2022, kodwa asaphezulu kwimithwalo yeenqanawa zeoyile negesi ngenxa yengxaki yamandla eqhubekayo.

I-UNCTAD icela amazwe ukuba ahlole ngononophelo utshintsho olunokubakho kwimfuno yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwaye aphuhlise kwaye aphucule iziseko zophuhliso lwezibuko kunye noqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi, ngelixa ebandakanya icandelo labucala. Kufuneka aphucule uqhagamshelo lwezibuko, andise indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nomthamo wayo, kwaye anciphise ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi nezixhobo, ngokutsho kwengxelo.

Ingxelo ye-UNCTAD ikwabonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka okuninzi kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo kunokunciphisa ngokuncedisa urhwebo, ngakumbi ngokwenziwa kwedijithali, okunciphisa amaxesha okulinda nokukhupha amaxwebhu kumazibuko kwaye kukhawulezise ukucutshungulwa kwamaxwebhu ngamaxwebhu e-elektroniki kunye neentlawulo.

Ingxelo ithi ukunyuka kweendleko zokuboleka, imeko yezoqoqosho embi kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemithetho kuya kuyithintela imali kwiinqanawa ezintsha ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba. Ukunyuka kweendleko zokuboleka, imeko yezoqoqosho embi kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemithetho kuya kuyithintela imali kwiinqanawa ezintsha ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba.

I-UNCTAD ibongoza uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba luqinisekise ukuba amazwe achaphazeleka kakubi lutshintsho lwemozulu kwaye angachaphazeleki kakhulu zizizathu zalo awachaphazeleki kakubi yimizamo yokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kwezothutho lwaselwandle.

Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe tye ngokudibanisa nokuthengwa kweekhonteyina kuye kwaguqula ishishini lokuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina. Iinkampani zokuthumela iikhonteyina nazo zilandela ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe tye ngokutyala imali kwimisebenzi yesiphelo kunye nezinye iinkonzo zothutho. Ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-2022, isabelo seenkampani eziphambili ezingama-20 ezinomthamo weekhonteyina sinyuka ukusuka kwi-48% ukuya kwi-91%. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, abaqhubi abane abaphambili baye bonyusa isabelo sabo semarike, belawula ngaphezu kwesiqingatha somthamo wokuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina kwihlabathi liphela, itsho ingxelo.

I-UNCTAD icela amagunya okhuphiswano kunye namazibuko ukuba asebenzisane ukujongana nokuhlanganiswa kweshishini ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okukhusela ukhuphiswano. Ingxelo ikhuthaza intsebenziswano enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe ukulwa nokuziphatha okuchasene nokhuphiswano kwiindlela zothutho lwaselwandle, ngokuhambelana nemithetho nemigaqo yokhuphiswano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.