INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso (i-UNCTAD) iye yabiza ukuthunyelwa kwehlabathi kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ukuqina kokubonelela ngokunyuka kotyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokuzinza ukulungiselela iingxaki ezizayo.I-UNCTAD ikwabongoza amazibuko, iinqanawa kunye noqhagamshelo lwehinterland kwinguqu ukuya kumandla anekhabhoni ephantsi.

Ngokopapasho oluphambili lwe-UNCTAD, 'Izothutho zaseLwandle kuPhononongo ngo-2022′, ingxaki yobonelelo lweminyaka emibini edlulileyo ibonise ukungangqinelani phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno yomthamo wothutho lwaselwandle okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamazinga omthwalo, ingxinano kunye nokuphazamiseka okumandla kumakhonkco exabiso lehlabathi.

Ngedatha ebonisa ukuba iinqanawa zithwala ngaphezulu kwe-80% yempahla ethengisiweyo yehlabathi, kunye nesabelo esiphezulu ngakumbi kumazwe amaninzi asakhulayo, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwakha ukomelela kwizinto ezothusayo eziphazamisa amakhonkco okubonelela, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli, kunye nokuchaphazela ubomi belizwe. abahlwempuzekileyo.epapashwe kwingxelo yolu papasho.

Ubonelelo ngezixhobo eziluqilima ludityaniswe nemfuno eyandayo yempahla yabathengi kunye ne-e-commerce ziqhuba amaxabiso omthwalo we-e-container ukuya ngokuphindwe kahlanu kumanqanaba abo angaphambi kobhubhane ngo-2021 kwaye bafikelele kwincopho yexesha lonke ekuqaleni kuka-2022, benyusa amaxabiso abathengi ngokukhawuleza.Amaxabiso ehlile ukusukela phakathi ku-2022, kodwa ahlala ephezulu kwi-oyile kunye neenqwelo zerhasi ngenxa yengxaki yamandla eqhubekayo.

I-UNCTAD ihlaba ikhwelo kumazwe ukuba avavanye ngononophelo utshintsho olunokubakho kwimfuno yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwaye aphuhlise kwaye aphucule iziseko zophuhliso lwezibuko kunye noqhakamshelwano lwase-hinterland, ngelixa esebenzisana necandelo labucala.Kufuneka baphucule uqhagamshelo lwezibuko, bandise indawo yokugcina kunye nendawo yokugcina iimpahla kunye nomthamo, kwaye banciphise ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, ngokutsho kwengxelo.

Ingxelo ye-UNCTAD iphinda ibonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka okuninzi kokubonelela kungancitshiswa ngokuququzelela urhwebo, ngokukodwa ngokusebenzisa idijithali, okunciphisa amaxesha okulinda kunye nokukhutshwa kwamachweba kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusetyenzwa kwamaxwebhu ngamaxwebhu kunye neentlawulo ze-elektroniki.

Ukunyuka kweendleko zokuboleka, imbonakalo yezoqoqosho elusizi kunye nokungaqiniseki ngolawulo kuya kuphazamisa utyalo-mali kwiinqanawa ezitsha ezicutha ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, utshilo. yatsho ingxelo.

I-UNCTAD ikhuthaza uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba luqinisekise ukuba amazwe achaphazeleka kakubi kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye achaphazeleka kancinci ngenxa yezizathu zalo azichatshazelwa kakubi yimizamo yokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kwizithuthi zaselwandle.

Ukudityaniswa okuthe tyaba ngokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kuguqule ishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa.Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa zikwalandela ukudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo ngokutyala imali kwimisebenzi yetheminali kunye nezinye iinkonzo zolungiselelo.Ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-2022, isabelo sabathwali abaphezulu be-20 kwi-container umthamo wonyuka ukusuka kwi-48% ukuya kwi-91%.Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, abaqhubi abaphambili abane baye banyusa isabelo sabo semarike, belawula ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samandla okuhambisa ngenqanawa kwihlabathi, yatsho ingxelo.

I-UNCTAD ihlaba ikhwelo kukhuphiswano kunye nabasemagunyeni kumazibuko ukuba basebenzisane ukulungisa ukuqiniswa koshishino ngamanyathelo okukhusela ukhuphiswano.Le ngxelo ibongoza intsebenziswano enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe ukulwa nokuziphatha okuchasene nemida enxamnye nokhuphiswano kwezothutho zaselwandle, ngokuhambelana nemithetho nemigaqo yokhuphiswano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.