USayed Abdullah

Uqoqosho lwaseVietnam lolona luphezulu lwama-44 kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ukusukela phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1980 iVietnam yenze utshintsho olukhulu ukusuka kuqoqosho olulawulayo olusekwe kwindawo enye ngenkxaso evela kuqoqosho olusekelwe kwimarike evulekileyo.

Akumangalisi ukuba, ikwayenye yezona qoqosho zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP ngonyaka linokuba malunga ne-5.1%, nto leyo eya kwenza uqoqosho lwayo lube lolwama-20 ngobukhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2050.

Nangona kunjalo, ilizwi elivakalayo kwihlabathi liphela kukuba iVietnam ikulungele ukuba yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zokuvelisa izinto kwaye inethuba lokuthatha ulawulo lweTshayina ngenkqubela yayo enkulu kwezoqoqosho.

Okuphawulekayo kukuba, iVietnam ikhula njengesixeko esiphambili sokuvelisa izinto kulo mmandla, ikakhulu kumacandelo afana necandelo leempahla zelaphu, izihlangu kunye ne-elektroniki.

Kwelinye icala, ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1980, iTshayina ibidlala indima yesikhululo sokuvelisa kwihlabathi liphela ngezinto zayo ezinkulu, abasebenzi kunye namandla emizi-mveliso. Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso lunikwe ingqwalasela enkulu apho amashishini okwakha oomatshini kunye nesinyithi afumene eyona nto iphambili.

Njengoko ubudlelwane phakathi kweWashington neBeijing busehla ngokukhululekileyo, ikamva leekhonkco zokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela aliqinisekanga. Nangona imiyalezo yeWhite House engaqinisekanga iqhubeka nokuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nendlela umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo wase-US ohamba ngayo, iirhafu zemfazwe yorhwebo zisasebenza.

Okwangoku, iziphumo zomthetho wokhuseleko lwesizwe ocetywayo waseBeijing, osongela ukuthintela ukuzimela kweHong Kong, zibeka emngciphekweni ngakumbi isivumelwano sorhwebo sesigaba sokuqala esibuthathaka phakathi kwala mazwe mabini anamandla. Ingasathethwa ke ngokunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kuthetha ukuba iTshayina iya kulandela ishishini elingabizi kakhulu abasebenzi.

Olu bunzima, oludibene nomdyarho wokufumana izixhobo zonyango kunye nokuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19, lubangela uphononongo olutsha lweekhonkco zokubonelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ezinika ilungelo lokusebenza kakuhle ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphathwa kwe-COVID-19 yiTshayina kubangele imibuzo emininzi phakathi kwamazwe aseNtshona. Ngelixa iVietnam yenye yamazwe aphambili ukunciphisa amanyathelo okugcina umgama phakathi kwabantu kunye nokuvula kwakhona uluntu lwayo kwasekuqaleni kuka-Epreli 2020, apho uninzi lwamazwe luqala nje ukujongana nobunzima kunye nokusasazeka kwe-COVID-19.

Ihlabathi limangalisiwe yimpumelelo yaseVietnam ngeli xesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19.

Ithuba laseVietnam lokuba yindawo yokuvelisa izinto

Ngenxa yesi simo sehlabathi esiqhubekayo, uqoqosho lwaseAsia olukhulayo - iVietnam - luzilungiselela ukuba yindlu enkulu elandelayo yokuvelisa.

IVietnam ibonakale njengomchasi onamandla wokufumana isabelo esikhulu kwihlabathi lasemva kwe-COVID-19.

Ngokutsho kweKearney US Reshoring Index, ethelekisa imveliso yokuvelisa yaseMelika kunye nemveliso evela kumazwe ali-14 aseAsia, inyuke yaya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngo-2019, ngenxa yokwehla kwe-17% kwemveliso evela eTshayina.

Ingxelo yeMedium ithi i-American Chamber of Commerce eMzantsi China ikwafumanise ukuba ama-64% eenkampani zaseMelika ezikumzantsi welizwe zicinga ngokufudusela imveliso kwezinye iindawo.

Uqoqosho lwaseVietnam lukhule nge-8% ngo-2019, luncediswa kukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Lukwacwangciselwe ukukhula nge-1.5% kulo nyaka.

IBhanki yeHlabathi iqikelela ukuba kwimeko embi kakhulu ye-COVID-19, i-GDP yaseVietnam iza kwehla iye kwi-1.5% kulo nyaka, nto leyo ingcono kunezinye iingingqi zaseMzantsi Asia.

Ngaphandle koko, ngokudibanisa umsebenzi onzima, uphawu lwelizwe, kunye nokudala iimeko ezilungileyo zotyalo-mali, iVietnam itsale iinkampani/utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, inika abavelisi ukufikelela kwindawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo lwe-ASEAN kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo namazwe kulo lonke elaseAsia nakwiManyano yaseYurophu, kunye ne-USA.

Ingasathethwa ke into yokuba, kutshanje eli lizwe liye laqinisa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango kwaye lenze iminikelo enxulumene noko kumazwe achaphazeleke yi-COVID-19, kunye ne-USA, Russia, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, kunye ne-UK.

Olunye uphuhliso olutsha olubalulekileyo kukungenzeka kokuba imveliso yeenkampani zaseMelika isuke eTshayina iye eVietnam. Kwaye inxalenye yeVietnam yokungeniswa kwempahla eMelika iye yazuza njengoko inxalenye yeTshayina kwimarike ihla - ilizwe lide ladlula neTshayina laza labeka umthengisi wempahla ophambili eMelika ngoMatshi nango-Epreli kulo nyaka.

Idatha yorhwebo lweempahla zase-US lwango-2019 ibonisa le meko, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eVietnam e-USA kunyuke ngama-35%, okanye i-$17.5 yeebhiliyoni.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, eli lizwe belitshintsha kakhulu ukuze likwazi ukujongana neentlobo ngeentlobo zamashishini. IVietnam ibisoloko itshintsha ukusuka kuqoqosho lwayo olugxile kwezolimo ukuze iphuhlise uqoqosho olusekelwe kwimarike nolugxile kwimizi-mveliso.

Ingxaki yokuyinqoba

Kodwa kukho imiqobo emininzi ekufuneka ijongwane nayo ukuba ilizwe lifuna ukuxhasa iTshayina.

Umzekelo, indlela iVietnam esebenza ngayo imboni yokuvelisa esekwe kubasebenzi abangabizi kakhulu inokubangela ingozi enkulu – ukuba ilizwe alinyuki kwikhonkco lexabiso, amanye amazwe akulo mmandla afana neBangladesh, iThailand okanye iCambodia nawo abonelela ngabasebenzi abangabizi kakhulu.

Ukongeza, ngemizamo karhulumente yokuzisa utyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo kwimveliso yezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye neziseko zophuhliso ukuze zihambelane ngakumbi nekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zehlabathi, yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe kuphela (ii-MNC) enemisebenzi yophando nophuhliso olulinganiselweyo (R&D) eVietnam.

Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 ukwaveze ukuba iVietnam ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungenisweni kwezinto eziluhlaza kwaye idlala indima yokuvelisa nokuhlanganisa iimveliso zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle koshishino olukhulu lokuxhasa oludibanisa umva, kuya kuba liphupha elinqwenelekayo ukubonelela ngolu hlobo lwemveliso efana neTshayina.

Ngaphandle kwezi, eminye imiqobo ibandakanya ubungakanani beqela labasebenzi, ukufikeleleka kwabasebenzi abanezakhono, amandla okujongana nokunyuka okukhulu kwemfuno yemveliso, nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Enye indawo ephambili ngamashishini amancinci, amancinci naphakathi aseVietnam (ii-MSME) - aquka i-93.7% yamashishini onke - anqunyelwe kwiimarike ezincinci kakhulu kwaye awakwazi ukwandisa imisebenzi yawo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi. Oku kwenza kube yindawo enzima yokuxinana ngamaxesha obunzima, njengobhubhane we-COVID-19.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini athathe inyathelo lokubuyela umva aze acinge kwakhona ngesicwangciso sawo sokutshintsha izinto – ekubeni ilizwe liseneemayile ezininzi zokufikelela kwisantya seTshayina, ngaba ekugqibeleni kuya kuba sengqiqweni ngakumbi ukusebenzisa isicwangciso 'seTshayina-plus-one' endaweni yoko?