Ingcamango yelaphu elihlakaniphile elisebenzisanayo

Kwingcamango yempahla ezisebenzisanayo ezikrelekrele, ukongeza kuphawu lobukrelekrele, ukukwazi ukusebenzisana lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo. Njengomanduleli wetekhnoloji yempahla ezisebenzisanayo ezikrelekrele, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yempahla ezisebenzisanayo nalo lube negalelo elikhulu kwimpahla ezisebenzisanayo ezikrelekrele.

Indlela yokusebenzisana kweendwangu ezikrelekrele ezisebenzisanayo idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa phakathi kokusebenzisana okungasebenziyo kunye nokusebenzisana okusebenzayo. Iindwangu ezikrelekrele ezinemisebenzi yokusebenzisana engasebenziyo zihlala zikwazi ukubona utshintsho okanye izinto ezikhuthazayo kwimeko yangaphandle kwaye azikwazi ukwenza impendulo esebenzayo; iindwangu ezikrelekrele ezinemisebenzi yokusebenzisana esebenzayo zinokuphendula kwezi nguqu ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngelixa zibona utshintsho kwimeko yangaphandle.

Impembelelo yezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha bokulungiselela kwimpahla ehlakaniphileyo esebenzisana nayo

1. Ifayibha yesinyithi-ukhetho lokuqala kwicandelo lamalaphu asebenzisanayo akrelekrele

Ifayibha egqunywe ngesinyithi luhlobo lwefayibha esebenzayo ethe yatsala ingqalelo enkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zokulwa neentsholongwane, ukuchasana nokuqina, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokususa ivumba elibi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zempahla yomntu, unyango, ezemidlalo, amalaphu asekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhethekileyo.

Nangona amalaphu esinyithi aneempawu ezithile zomzimba angenakubizwa ngokuba ngamalaphu ahlakaniphileyo asebenzisanayo, amalaphu esinyithi angasetyenziswa njengomthwali weesekethe ze-elektroniki, kwaye anokuba yinxalenye yeesekethe ze-elektroniki, kwaye ke ngoko abe zizinto ezikhethwayo kumalaphu asebenzisanayo.

2. Impembelelo yetekhnoloji entsha yokulungiselela kwimpahla ehlakaniphileyo esebenzisana nayo

Inkqubo yokulungiselela ilaphu enobuchule ekhoyo isebenzisa kakhulu i-electroplating kunye ne-electroless plating. Ngenxa yokuba amalaphu akrelekrele anemisebenzi emininzi yokuthwala umthwalo kwaye afuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunzima ukufumana i-coatings etyebileyo ngetekhnoloji ye-vacuum coating. Ngenxa yokuba akukho buchwepheshe bungcono kunobu, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrelekrele kunqunyelwe yitekhnoloji ye-physical coating. Ukudibanisa i-electroplating kunye ne-electroless plating kube sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kule ngxaki. Ngokubanzi, xa kulungiswa amalaphu aneempawu ze-conductive, ii-conductive fibers ezenziwe yi-electroless plating zisetyenziswa kuqala ukuluka ilaphu. I-lap coating elungiselelwe yile teknoloji ifana kakhulu kunelaphu elifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo itekhnoloji ye-electroplating. Ukongeza, ii-conductive fibers zinokuxutywa nee-fibers eziqhelekileyo ngokulinganisela ukunciphisa iindleko ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yokuqinisekisa.

Okwangoku, ingxaki enkulu ngetekhnoloji yokugquma ifayibha kukuqina kokubopha kunye nokuqina kwengubo. Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ilaphu kufuneka lidlule kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuhlanjwa, ukugotywa, ukuxovwa, njl. Ke ngoko, ifayibha eqhubayo kufuneka ivavanywe ukuqina, nto leyo ekwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kwinkqubo yokulungiselela kunye nokunamathela kwengubo. Ukuba umgangatho wengubo awulungile, iya kuqhekeka ize iwe xa isetyenziswa ngokwenene. Oku kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokugquma ifayibha kwimpahla.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji yokuprinta nge-microelectronic iye yabonisa kancinci kancinci iingenelo zobugcisa ekuphuhlisweni kwamalaphu ahlakaniphileyo asebenzisanayo. Le teknoloji ingasebenzisa izixhobo zokuprinta ukufaka ngokuchanekileyo i-inki eqhubayo kwi-substrate, ngaloo ndlela ivelise iimveliso ze-elektroniki ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu xa zifunwa. Nangona ukuprinta nge-microelectronic kunokwenza ii-prototypes ze-elektroniki ezinomsebenzi owahlukeneyo kwi-substrate ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kunokubangela umjikelo omfutshane kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso okuphezulu, ixabiso lale teknoloji lisaphezulu kakhulu kweli nqanaba.

Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-hydrogel eqhubayo ikwabonisa iingenelo zayo ezikhethekileyo ekulungiseleleni amalaphu ahlakaniphileyo asebenzisanayo. Ngokudibanisa i-conductivity kunye nokuguquguquka, ii-hydrogel eziqhubayo zinokulinganisa imisebenzi yoomatshini kunye neemvakalelo zesikhumba somntu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ziye zatsala ingqalelo enkulu kwicandelo lezixhobo ezinxitywayo, ii-biosensors ezifakelwayo, kunye nolusu olufakelweyo. Ngenxa yokwenziwa kwenethiwekhi eqhubayo, i-hydrogel inokudluliselwa kwe-electron ngokukhawuleza kunye neempawu ezinamandla zoomatshini. Njenge-polymer eqhubayo ene-conductivity ehlengahlengiswayo, i-polyaniline ingasebenzisa i-phytic acid kunye ne-polyelectrolyte njengezinto ezibangela ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-hydrogel eziqhubayo. Nangona i-conductivity yayo yombane eyanelisayo, inethiwekhi ebuthathaka kwaye ebuthathaka iyayithintela kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka iphuhliswe kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

Amalaphu asebenzisanayo akrelekrele aphuhliswe ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obutsha bezinto ezibonakalayo

Amalaphu okukhumbula imilo

Amalaphu enkumbulo yemilo angenisa izinto ezinemisebenzi yenkumbulo yemilo kwilaphu ngokuluka nokugqiba, ukuze amalaphu abe neempawu zenkumbulo yemilo. Imveliso ingafana nentsimbi yememori, emva kwayo nayiphi na inguqu, inokulungisa imo yayo ibe yeyokuqala emva kokufikelela kwiimeko ezithile.

Iimpahla zokukhumbula imilo ziquka umqhaphu, isilika, amalaphu oboya kunye namalaphu e-hydrogel. Ilaphu lokukhumbula imilo elenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong Polytechnic lenziwe ngekotoni nelinen, enokubuyela ngokukhawuleza igudile kwaye iqine emva kokuba ifudunyeziwe, kwaye inokufunxa kakuhle umswakama, ayitshintshi umbala emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, kwaye ayixhathisi ngamachiza.

Iimveliso ezineemfuno ezisebenzayo ezifana nokugcina ubushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukufuma, ukufuma, kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwempahla yokukhumbula imo. Kwangaxeshanye, kwicandelo lempahla yabathengi yefashoni, izixhobo zokukhumbula imo nazo ziye zaba zizixhobo ezilungileyo zokubonisa ulwimi loyilo ezandleni zabayili, zinika iimveliso iziphumo ezicacileyo ezikhethekileyo.

Amalaphu olwazi olukrelekrele lwe-elektroniki

Ngokufaka izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-microelectronic kunye neesensors kwilaphu, kunokwenzeka ukulungiselela ulwazi lwe-elektroniki olukrelekrele lwempahla yokunxiba. IYunivesithi yase-Auburn eMelika iphuhlise imveliso yefayibha enokukhupha utshintsho lokukhanya kobushushu kunye notshintsho oluvela ekukhanyeni olubangelwa kukukhanya. Le nto ineenzuzo ezinkulu zobugcisa kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokubonisa eziguquguqukayo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko iinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezibandakanyeka kakhulu kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe beselula zibonise imfuno enkulu yeteknoloji yokubonisa eguquguqukayo, uphando malunga neteknoloji yokubonisa impahla yokunxiba eguquguqukayo lufumene ingqwalasela engakumbi kunye nophuhliso oluphezulu.

Iimpahla zobugcisa eziziimodyuli

Ukudibanisa izinto ze-elektroniki kwimpahla zelaphu ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yemodyuli ukulungiselela amalaphu sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sobuchwephesha ngoku sokufezekisa ubukrelekrele belaphu. Ngeprojekthi ye-"Project Jacquard", iGoogle izibophelele ekufezekiseni ukusetyenziswa kwempahla zelaphu ezikrelekrele. Okwangoku, isebenzisane neLevi's, iSaint Laurent, iAdidas kunye nezinye iimpawu ukuqalisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zamalaphu akrelekrele kumaqela ahlukeneyo abathengi.

Uphuhliso olunamandla lwempahla ehlakaniphileyo esebenzisanayo alunakwahlulwa kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwezixhobo ezintsha kunye nentsebenziswano egqibeleleyo yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezixhasayo. Ngenxa yokwehla kweendleko zezinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo kwimarike namhlanje kunye nokuvuthwa kwetekhnoloji yemveliso, iingcamango ezinesibindi ngakumbi ziya kuzanywa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ukubonelela ngempembelelo entsha kunye nesikhokelo kushishino lwempahla ekrelekrele.